Cruel and Unusual Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cruel and Unusual Punishment - Essay ExampleDespite widespread outcry on the cruelty associated with the death penalty, many countries around the globes stock-still practice it and view it as a perfectly legal form of extreme penalty. Whether to uphold or abolish the death penalty has been a debatable subject in many societies, in the world. This is because of the divergent views that different people stand based on phenomenon such as culture, political ideology and religion. The coupled Nations, for example, has in recent times adopted resolutions though non binding, advocating for the abolishment of executions giving emphasis on the sanctity of life. The European Union also outlaws the practice of majuscule punishment in its area of jurisdiction through the second article of the European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights. This has proved to be ineffective since countries ilk the Unites States, Indonesia, India and China, which hold a large part of the global population, st ill practice capital punishment (Mandery 45). According to Amnesty International, two nations each year have abolished capital punishment in their criminal justice systems since 1976. Counties such as Germany, Australia and Spain strongly against the practice of capital punishment regardless of the crime committed. Capital punishment dates as far back as 8th Century B.C in Babylon, where twenty five different crimes were punishable by death. The Hittite code of the fourteenth Century B.C also embraced capital punishment. Most astonishing of them all was the draconian Athens code of the 7th Century B.C, which set out death as punishment for all crimes. In early civilizations, the death penalty got penalize thorough drowning, firing squads, impalement, lynching, decapitation and crucifixion. In present day, capital punishment gets executed through the use of lethal injection, firing squads, lethal gas, hanging and electrocution (Radelet 46). The death penalty in the Unites States has been an issue of insurmountable concern for a want time. The precedence of capital punishment in Americas came as a result of British influence on the then colony. Though capital punishment had been occurring, the front recorded execution took place in Virginia in 1608. The early 20th Century pronounced the resurgence in the execution of the death penalty. The 1930s marked the decade with the largest number of executions in the history of America. In the 1950s, the public began to voice their opposition to capital punishment. This led to a drop in the number of executions. In the 1960s, the legality of capital punishment got challenged. Before 1960, the eighth, fifth and fourteen amendments were interpreted as having endorsed the death penalty. It was later suggested that the death penalty was unusual and cruel, and hence unconstitutional in accordance to the Eighth Amendment (Mandery 77). In 1985, the Supreme Court ruled that the 8th Amendment had an evolving standard of decency which marked progress of a society that was coming of age. This pertly found decency no longer had room for the death penalty. As a result, the Supreme Court began refining the administration of the death penalty by ensuring that it was proficient with little or no pain inflicted. Whereas the 8th Amendment of the Constitution of the United States restrains the g everyplacenment from cruel and unusual punishments, the ambiguity of the term cruel and unusual has over the years fuelled the controversy about the constitutionality of capital p

Describe the most important events during the period, 1940 to present Essay

Describe the most important events during the period, 1940 to present - Essay ExampleWorld War II, which took place from 1939-1945, was the most widespread war in history.It come to the worlds most important nations, who had eventually divided into devil alliances the Allies and the Axis. The Allies consisted of countries such as get together States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union, patch the Axis mainly included Germany, Italy and Japan. It started off by Germany invading Poland, which lead to declaration of war on Germany by France, and Great Britain. Germany responded by invading Norway and Denmark, and wherefore advanced towards France. One of the crucial points in the war was when Germany launched a series if airstrikes against Britain, which came to be known as the Battle of Britain. However, Germany was unable to achieve its objective of gaining curb over Britain and was forced to retreat. The acts which took this war to the next level were those of Japan attacking Pe arl Harbor, and Germany invading the Soviet Union. Germany had launched a full assault against the Soviet Union, and had managed to ravish almost the half of the country. While Japans attack on Pearl Harbor, brought coupled States into the war, which previously had been following a policy of isolation. The entrance of the United States completely titled the war into the Allies favor. The Germans were defeated in the Soviet Union, and a nuclear attack on Japan on 6th lofty 1945, brought the war to an end and resulted in the victory of the allies (BBC History). World War II holds immense historical importance. Firstly, it showed that the League of Nations, which was international body required to hold in peace, had failed. This lead to the development of the United Nations, which is an international organization aiming to maintain world peace. Since then United Nations has played its part trying to stop further wars from victorious place, and promoting negotiation betwixt opposi ng countries. Furthermore, the guerilla World War stopped the spreading of dictatorships in many areas. Hitler, leader of Germany, was adamant to spread his ideology general and to destroy all democratic institutions. Thus, the war stopped him and his allies from becoming victorious. Moreover, this war showed the whole world, the massive damage that can be done with a nuclear attack, and such attacks should be prevented in future, at all costs. Cold War was another critical event, which took place between the two great powers United States and the Soviet Union. There was not any direct conflict between the two powers, and was more as a war of ideologies. Several clashes took place between the capitalist and communist forces in different areas of the world, which were backed by United States and the Soviet Union respectively. The origins of the Cold War can be traced back to the Second World War, when United States dropped the atomic bomb on Japan, sending an indirect signal to the Soviet Union, showing their strength and potential. The Soviet Union wanted to magnify its empire and the communist ideology, while U.S.A felt threatened by these expansionary aims of Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union. The Cold War was a period of tension between the two super powers, and it reached its peak during the events of the Berlin Blockade, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Both the powers almost reached the verge of nuclear war and then pulled back. It ended with the

From e-Business Support to Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

From e-Business Support to Strategy - Essay ExampleTechnically, there has been debate on channels that are eligible for inclusion in the category of kind networking.Hansen, Shneiderman, and Smith (2011) provide definition that takes off pressure of technicalities and refers favorable media as set of online tools that enable connectivity for social interaction. In addition to the connectivity, social networking withal emoluments drug users in finding, creating, sharing and evaluating mass information accessible online in a variety of forms. Growing importance and dominance of socialization through social media, organizations have also adopted this medium for staying connected with their entire customer base virtually. The new spectrum has provided companies with ways to attract the potential customers along with strengthening connect with existing accompany customers. Martinka (2012) refers to Meads theory of symbolic interactionism which discusses the influence on consumer pur chase decision from social media (Facebook). One of the dominant itemors that lead to this change is the fact that social media enables two way communication that considerably distinguishes it from traditional marketing mix.This two way connection benefits customer to pass the requirement and views direct to company whereas businesses are also able to get direct insight about customer likings and disliking perception etc. Extracting insight from social networking and consumer repartee pattern, companies can also strategize to direct consumer purchases in desired direction. (Divol, Edelman, and Sarrazin, 2012). (Divol, Edelman, and Sarrazin, 2012) Some other factors distinguishing it from traditional medium that leads to increase in adopting are Connectivity of almost the entire world (Divol, Edelman, and Sarrazin, 2012) Prompt response from the company, as well as customers (Hanlon, & Hawkins, 2008) More direct insight than other forms of research etc (Divol, Edelman, and Sarrazin , 2012) Large number social networking websites are operational. Leading ones including Facebook (over 845 million participating monthly users in 2012 (Sebastian, 2012), Twitter (over 465 million accounts in 2012 and growth (Larson, 2012)), LinkedIn has 147 million members with growth of 45% as compared to year 2012, Google plus which has 400 million user in one year (BGR, 2012) and YouTube (expected to take up 90% of the web traffic by year 2014 (Nalts, 2012)) being the leading channel of video sum (eBiz MBA, 2012). Surveys also count the growing number of companies making use of these channels and networking mediums and are intended to increase their presence t exploit greater benefit (Stelzner, 2012). With acceptance of the social media as well as the fact that it is changing consumer behavior, businesses are still in learning phase to strategically adopt this medium. Moreover, understandings

Exam econmic of race and gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam econmic of race and gender - Essay Examplermulated as a response to the decisions of the United States Supreme Court which had conduct to the rights of the employees being limited since they sued their employers for discrimination.a) The term paper was on the outcome, Instances of gender discriminatory behaviors at rifle places. This helped me identify with the discrimination that people face at work and also allowed for a clearer reason of the various acts and laws in place to resolve these issues. On the whole, the term paper was very beneficial in better understanding of the subject as a whole. Working on the gender discriminatory behavior at work has not only helped in this class exclusively is also a beneficial learning for how work environments actually function. Here this report has been detailed with complete insight into affirmative action and how it works. This provides a pragmatical experience and helps relate better to subject. There is also clarity of various cases and the outcomes of the cases which make it simpler to understand the subject rather than simply learning the laws directly.b) The group origination was on the topic Affirmative Action losing favor in the United States. This presentation has been very helpful for the course as it helps bring out the views and opinions of the students on affirmative action. The presentation was divided into three main parts, i.e. history of affirmative action, diversity rationale and the main discussion of whether affirmative action is losing favor. The presentation was in its own way a chance for us to study the literature carefully and in detail. The presentation helped each of us work on polar part individually which helped in understanding the subject to a greater extent. On the whole this presentation not only helped us learn the topic more in detail but also lead us to use our knowledge to correlate to the success of the affirmative action. This I believe brought or so a lot of discuss ions and views which were not otherwise

Interpersonal communication report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Interpersonal colloquy report - Essay ExampleFilms remove good skills in order to have possibility to deconstruct them, to read their signs, colors and to understand their communication. Understanding of communication is necessary for perceiving the very nature of invoice line and sense of messages. It is necessary to think independently and thoroughly about film messages and communication. Film communication is able to assist ability of the audience to sort out whether information is valid or invalid. Developing film literacy is necessary for people to analyze critically commercials, diverse television programs and film productions. (DeVito 1995)Communication in films stick out tell the audience about new ideas and concepts if human behavior and life. For example, in the film Gone with the wind Scarlet has strong appeal to women wit her known pronouncement Ill think about it tomorrow. This phrase has become the first commandment for many people in their everyday life. Theref ore it is necessary to state that film communication has very strong effect on the audience. This effect can be either positive or negative. Everything depends on the communication skills of heroes and different perception of people.Effective communication skills play the most substantial role in the film. It is necessary to apply Youve got mail. ... t, gentle and rather unconfident person, because her voice is by and large low, she doesnt use brutal words and words with negative meaning, her statements are affirmative Everything will be alright. Our clients will stay with use. Among her communication skills it is necessary to admit the presence of signed communication involving tender smile and gestures. Both main heroes had previous relationships with other man-woman and they didnt express their true and core feelings. They didnt have necessary communication skills and trust in their partners and couldnt make positive changes in those relations. Their communication failed and t hey turned out to be unable to improve it. (DeVito 1995)It is necessary to define the most efficient communication skills in the films and try to define why these skills have been applied in the film. By the example of Youve got mail it is needed to present what skills are important and what their main purpose is. Communication provides new relationships and friendship, good and warm attitude of friends and relatives. There is no doubt that close relations are created not by mutual influence or efficiency, but by communication skills of each hero.The most important aspects of effective communication is attentive listening, explaining of key points, asking questions, nonverbal communication and actually communication ethics. The combination of all these aspects is the bet for successful communication process, because as it was told by famous writer communication is the greatest opulence given to people. (DeVito 1995)The main heroes of the film face communication everywhere in the s treets, at home, at work, etc. and their communication style completely depends on the current situation at work their communication was more reserved

HOW DOES INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING IMPACT ON PROFESSIONAL Essay

HOW DOES INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING IMPACT ON PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE CLINICAL SETTING - Essay pillowcaseThe patient will be referred to as Mr. X to maintain confidentiality as stated in the nursing and midwifery code of professional conduct (2007). The designers interest in Mr. X is based on his clinical experience and reflection of his involvement in the delivery of his c be. The positive and negative aspects of inter-professional squad will be discussed. Also, the author will use appropriate literature to examine how responsibility and accountability can be enhanced through inter-professional working. accord to Alan (2007), Inter-professional working is defined as a practice where a number of professionals with different qualifications come together to meet a particular target. Some of their characteristics involve direct service delivery, good professional relationship, collaboration and communal trust. Further, Matrix and Weeds (2007) describe In ter-professional working as a group of professionals with complementary skills, who are committed to a common purpose and hold themselves mutually accountable for its achievement. Inter-professional working includes collaborative practice, multi-professional working and team working. This is supported by Mickan and Rodger, (2000a) who describe teamwork as shared and agreed responsibilities, decision making and problem solving. The members of an inter-professional team communicate effectively in order to provide quality patient care.According to Braine (2006), clinical governance should be viewed as an opportunity to improve care delivery in the aftermath of some highly publicised failures in the NHS in the 1990s. The close to notable of these was the Bristol Royal Infirmary Inquiry (2001) which accounts for 23 deaths of cardiac surgical paediatric patients. Other notable cases were the Royal Liverpool Childrens Inquiry (Alder Hey Inquiry), the case of the GP Harold Shipman (Smith 2 005), and the trial of the nurse Beverly Allitt in 1993

Grapes of Wrath and Migration Experience Essay Example for Free

Grapes of Wrath and Migration Experience EssayThe falsehood, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, takes you on a chronicle of unitary familys migration, from okey to atomic number 20 as a result of exodus. The family is forced to migrate west in search of a make outlihood during the great depression of the 1930s. The structure of the chapters in this book alternate between narrating the journey of the Joad family with descriptions of the westward movement of migrant proveers in the 1930s as they flee drought and in systemry. Steinbeck, a native of calcium, draws from start- dispatch hand experiences to guide the reader not only along the journey of one family in spokespersonicular, the Joads but, to also expose the desperate conditions of migrant farming-families confront during the great depression in America. The Joad family was a part of a migration of people called okies which were farmers from the southwest that migrated westward in search of opportunity. The Okie s were farmers whose topsoil blew away due to dust storms and were forced to migrate along Route 66 to California in search of tend.The Okies were resented for migrating in bulky numbers to beas in the West where work was already hard to find and the sudden multitude of workers cause wages to be lowered. The Joads reside in Oklahoma, referred to as the Dust Bowl of the U. S . because of its lack of rown(prenominal). The Joads were sharecroppers evicted from their homes because they failed to pay the coin bank their loan payments to the Shawnee Land and Cattle Company. The entire area was being evicted by the bring owners, forcing sharecroppers to leave all that they have ever know and cared for behind in search of a sustained life elsewhere.The novel opens up by introducing the main characters and painting a picture of a dried up wasting Oklahoma farming region. Released from an Oklahoma state prison after serving four years of a earthly concernslaughter conviction, gobbler J oad makes his way back to his familys farm amid the starkness of the Dust Bowl. He meets Jim Casy, a former preacher and the opus who baptized tom as a child. Tom gives the old preacher a wassail from his flask of liquor, and Casy tells Tom how he decided to stop preaching.He admits that he had a habit of winning girls out in the grass after ingathering meetings and tells Tom that he was conflicted for some time, not knowing how to reconcile his sexual appetite with his responsibility for these young womens souls. Eventually, however, he came to the decision that there aint no sin and there aint no virtue. Theres just stuff people do. Its all part of the same thing. No longer convinced that human pleasures run counter to a divine plan, Casy believes that the human spirit is the Holy Spirit.Jim accompanies Tom to his familys farm when they find it deserted, fronted by withered crops, they find Muley in that house. Muley is an old family friend that stayed behinde while his fam ily leaves for California to fly the coop to his rightful land. He explains haltingly that a large company has bought all the land in the area and evicted the tenant farmers in order to cut labor costs. The three men proceed forward travelling to Toms Uncle Johns house, where they find the Joads preparing for a long trip to California in search of work.The entire family has gone to work picking cotton in hopes of earning enough silver to buy a car and make the journey to California. Large California lan atomic reactorers have poster announcement for employment throughout western Oklahoma, and Ma and Pa Joad have decided to move their family their evicted from their farm by the bank that owned it, they feel as though they have no choice. Once Tom has been reunited with his family, in the following chapters, the narrator assumes the voice of generic tenant farmers, expressing what their possessions and memories of their homes mean to them.The farmers are forced to pawn most of thei r belongings, both to raise money for the trip and scarce because they female genitalianot take them on the road. Steinbeck makes it apparent during this section of the novel that he believes that the economic system makes everyone a victimrich and poor, privileged and disenfranchised. All are caught in something larger than themselves. This is used to give reference to the bigger picture of society and how situations dictate undesired behavior. In a sense it was a way of taking some hatred off the people hired to kick people off their lands because these people too lost their livelihood.When the time comes to leave, Muley Graves bids the family good-bye, but Grampa perfectly wants to stay. He claims that he aims to live off the land want Muley and continues to protest loudly until the Joads lace his coffee with sleeping medicine. Once the old man is asleep, the family load up him onto the truck and begins the long journey west. When the families leave the farms, the land if l eft vacant, and is worked by people with no connection to the land. This is used to drive home a authorship of man and his relationship to the land as a symbolization of ownership.Such a separation between work and life causes men to lose venerate for their work and for the land. As the Joads make their way down highway 66, it is described as being backed-up and filled with broken down poor farmers getting ripped off by auto repair shops selling parts. Steinbeck suggests that the hardships the families face stem from more than harsh weather conditions or simple misfortune. Human beings, acting with calculated greed, are responsible for much of their sorrow. Such selfishness separates people from one another, disabling the kind of unity and brotherhood that Casy deems holy.It creates an ugly animosity that pits man against man, as is clear in Chapter 12, when a gas station attendant suggests that California is becoming overcrowded with migrants. Steinbeck uses Pa Joad to embody th e desire to be connected with the land, this is displayed by his willingness to stay back from his family to tend and live off his native soils. Conversely Jim Casy represents the focus of the family and its the most important aspect is to stay together. Ma Joad also represents the glu holding the family together and the sand of the family unit.The family reaches Oklahoma City, while here they suffer the loss of their dog, and Grandpa Joad, and are forced to give them informal funerals due to a lack of money. After woeful such a major loss, the family picks up new passenger the Wilsons a family they met broke- down on the side of the road. A few days down the road the family gets told by a car salesman that implications of open jobs in California are false. This brings a large sense of worry among the family because there survival depends on the opportunities waiting in California.At this point of the novel the more amilies traveling along the road have come together as one famil y creating a sense of comfort and belonging. The people have created rules and enforcement of law this is a drastic change in identity and life. They are no longer farmers but migrant men. The family reaches California, marking a major shift in the journey. Once in California, the family is warned by Ma that the family is take rooting apart, as a result of the passing grandmother and the separation from the Wilsons. Coming after two sets of dire warnings from ruined migrant workers, Granmas death bodes especially ill for the Joads.They now seem fated to live out the cautionary tales of the men they have met in Chapters 16 and 18, who now seem like predictors of the future. Before the Joads even set foot on its soil, California proves to be a land of vicious hostility rather than of opportunity. The unwelcoming attitudes of the police officers and border guards seem to testify to the harsh reception that awaits the family. Once in California the family is forced to move north by au thority, which do not take a liking for the okies. The family reaches a coterie where they stay for a little while. This camp was a squatter settlement of okies with no food or work to speak of.This is an unsettling feeling for the Joads and a sense of anguish settles over the family. A man come into the came looking for people to work, but he does not have the proper papers and will not disclose the wages to the workers. This creates skepticism by for the okies and a scuffle breaks out. Which results in Jim Casy taking the blame for Tom knocking out a police officer. The men take Jim Casy away and the Joads flee in search of safety and work. The family finds work in a dish aerial orchard where they get paid 5 cents a basket. That evening, Al goes looking for girls, and Tom, leftover about(predicate) the trouble on the roadside, goes to investigate.Guards turn him away at the orchard gate, but Tom sneaks under the gate and starts down the road. He comes upon a tent and discovers that one of the men inside is Jim Casy. Jim tells Tom about his experience in prison and reports that he now works to organize the migrant farmers. He explains that the owner of the peach orchards cut wages to two-and-a-half cents a box, so the men went on strike. Now the owner has hired a new group of men in hopes of intermission the strike. Casy predicts that by tomorrow, even the strike-breakers will be making only two-and-a-half cents per box.Tom and Casy see flashlight beams, and two policemen approach them, recognizing Casy as the workers leader and referring to him as a communist. As Casy protests that the men are only helping to starve children, one of them crushes his skull with a pick administer. Tom flies into a rage and wields the pick handle on Casys murderer, killing him before receiving a blow to his own head. He manages to run away and makes it back to his family. In the morning, when they discover his wounds and hear his story, Tom offers to leave so as not to br ing any trouble to them.Ma, however, insists that he stay. They leave the peach farm and head off to find work picking cotton. Tom hides in a culvert close to the plantationhis crushed nose and bruised face would bring suspicion upon himand the family sneaks food to him. Word gets out that Tom is a murder and is forced to leave his family. Before he leave he has a hear to heart with his mother, he speaks of Jim Casy and his way of spirituality for the greater good. As Tom leaves his family to fight for social justice, he completes the transformation that began several chapters earlier.Initially lacking the patience and energy to consider the future at all, he marches off to lead the struggle toward making that future a kinder and gentler one. The Joads are left to work on the farm but, then there is a six day flood that wipes away the families cars and settlement. This forces the family to set off on foot for higher ground. Al decides to stay with the Wainwrights and Agnes. Travelin g on foot, the remaining Joads maculation a barn and head toward it. There, they find a dying man and small boy. The boy tells them that his father has not eaten for six days, having given all operational food to his son.The mans health has deteriorated to such an extent that he cannot digest solid food he needs soup or milk. Ma looks to Rose of Sharon, and the girl at once understands her unstated thoughts. Rose of Sharon asks everyone to leave the barn and, once alone, she approaches the starving man. Despite his protests, she holds him close and suckles him. This is the closing of the book, which for me is an amazing ending. It was symbol of family and the fight for the greater good of the common people. Analysis In the Grapes of Wrath, we are taken along side a family of okies, who are forced to migrate west.through and through this journey we can use the insights of the suffering the migrants went though to intermit understand the immigrant experience. Throughout history out siders have driven people off their native land. They fall victim to the personal and environmental forces that drive them off the land. Immigrants or in this case migrant workers are labeled as trash and are used as capital gain and cheap labor. This is due a lack of options and the people are forced to work for unfair pay and to be treated unjust. The Dust bowl was an ecological and human disaster in the Southwestern Great Plains regions of the United States in the 1930s.The areas affected were Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. The poor handling of the land and years of drought caused this great disaster (Jones History). During this time the Okiesa name given to the migrants that traveled from Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, or anywhere in the Southwest or the northern plains to Californiaencountered many hardships. These hardships are brilliantly shown in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath. Scholars agree, The most important fact about the dust storms was not scientific but human their tragic pith upon people seeking livelihood on the stricken Midwestern farms (French 4).Steinbeck believed society was inhumane to the Okies and through his novel we can account for how the Okies were treated. By looking at Steinbecks own personal background and information from historical commentaries we are better able to grasp his reasoning for writing the novel because he understood what it was like to grow up as a farmer, and an outsider. More importantly, however, we are able to share in his compassion for the Okies. To fully understand Steinbecks reasoning for writing the novel it is important to look at his family and where he grew up.John Ernst Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas California. His parents were middle-class people who played many roles in the community and heathen life. His father worked as a manager of a flourmill, and his mother taught in a one-room rural school (Swisher 13). Steinbecks compassion for the Okies is clearly seen in passages like, this The Okies are resourceful, and talented Americans who have gone through the hell of the drought, have seen their lands wither and die and the topsoil blow away and this, to a man who has owned his land, is a curious and terrible pain (French 56).The encounters Steinbeck had with the Okies inspired him to write The Grapes of Wrath (Swisher 20). The Okies were not only exposed to greed but also to the terrible feeling of an empty, deprived stomach. Steinbeck remarks, And in the South he a homeless, hungry man saw the golden oranges hanging on trees, the little golden oranges on the dark green trees and guards with shotguns patrolling the lines so a man might not pick an orange for a thin child, oranges to be dumped if the price was low (318).In conclusion Steinbeck wants his readers to feel the pain of the Okies. They were discriminated against because of a scene (The Dust bowl) they had no control over. Steinbeck can relate to this inhumane treatment because he too had suffered teasing and hatred based solely on his physical characteristics. Nature handed the Okies and Steinbeck a bad hand and he wanted society to grasp the reality of human unkindness.Steinbeck writes, If you land owners could separate causes ( crave in a stomach, hunger in a single soul, hunger for joy and security) from results (growing labor unity, striking at new taxes, widening government), if you could know that Paine, Marx, Jefferson, Lenin, were results, not causes, you might survive. But that you can not know. For the quality of owning freezes you forever into I, and cuts you off forever from the we (Steinbeck 206). So we can use Steinbecks life experiences and historical references to use the Joads journey west to better understand the immigrant experience.